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| A portrait of the USS Monongahela under full sail. |
Names of
Masts, Yards, and Sails on a 19 th Century Ship
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Mast, a bowsprit, and booms
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Placed to spread the sails upon
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In a vessel with three Masts, they are named the fore, the main, and the mizzen masts.
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The mainmast
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The middle and largest mast of the three
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The foremast
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The furthest forward, and the next in side to the mainmast
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The mizzenmast
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The aftermost and smallest mast of the three
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Table 9.3
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Each
mast, taken as a whole, is composed of four pieces, one above the other, each
of which has its distinguishing name.
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The lower masts
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The lowest pieces of each mast, or those attached
to
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the ship; they rest or step on the keelson at the
bot-
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tom of the ship (In a screw steamer, the screw
shaft
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prevents any mast abaft the engines being stepped
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on the keelson. It is then stepped on the lower
deck,
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which is well supported with extra stanchions)
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The topmasts
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The next pieces above the lower masts, and are sup-
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ported by the lower trestletrees
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The top-gallant masts
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The next pieces above the topmasts, and are sup-
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ported by the topmast trestletrees
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The royal masts
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The upper pieces, and are a continuation upwards
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of the top-gallant masts
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Table 9.4
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Thus, there are three principal masts, each of which is composed of four masts.
To distinguish any particular mast, one of the principals' names, fore, main, or mizzen is pre xed to its other name; thus, the masts associated with the foremast are:
the fore-topmast,
the fore-top-gallant mast, and the fore-royal mast.
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Trysail masts
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Small masts placed immediately abaft the lower
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masts; to which they are connected.
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The bowsprit
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Projects out from the bows
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The jib-boom
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Boom outside of, and supported by the bowsprit,
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by means of the heel and crupper chains
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The ying jib-boom
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Boom outside of, and secured to the jib-boom, the
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heel steps against the bowsprit cap
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The masts, yards, gas, stays, and booms are named the same as the sails which they spread; thus:
the main-sail is set upon the main-mast, and is spread by the main-yard. the main royal sail is set upon the main royal mast and main royalyard. the spanker sail is set
upon the spanker ga and spanker boom.
the main
trysail is set upon the main
trysail mast and main trysailga.
the
fore-topmast studding-sail, upon the fore-topmast studding-sail yard , and fore-topmast studding-sail
boom.
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The jib sail
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Set upon the jib-boom and a
stay leading from the
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fore topmast head to the jib-boom end, which is
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called the jib-stay
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The ying jib sail
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Set upon the ying
jib-boom, and a stay leading
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from the fore top-gallant mast head to the ying
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jib-boom end, which is
called the ying jib stay
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A staysail (stays'l)
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A three-cornered sail set upon a stay, and named
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after it; thus, the fore-topmast
staysail is set upon
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the fore-topmost stay
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A trysail (trys'l)
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Set upon a ga and trysail mast abaft each lower
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mast, but it has no boom
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The spanker
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Set upon a ga, the mizzen trysail mast, and boom,
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abaft the mizzen mast
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A fore-and-aft sail
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Any sail not set upon a yard; that is, one set upon
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either a stay or ga
such as the jibs, staysails,
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trysails, ga
foresail,
mainsail, and the spanker
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Studding-sails (stuns'ls)
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Sails set outside the square sails on each side of
the
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ship, and spread at the top upon yards, and at the
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bottom by booms; they are set upon each side of
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the foresail, fore-topsail, fore-top-gallant sail, main-
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topsail, and
main-top-gallant sail. They
are named
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by their respective masts; as the main-topmast
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studding-sail,
fore-top-gallant studding-sail , etc.
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Table 9.6
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There are
no studding-sails on the mizzenmast, or on either side of the main-sail.
The lower
yard on the mizzenmast has no sail set below it, and is named the cross-jack yard.
To give more support to the jib and ying
jib-booms, gas are placed on the bowsprit to spread the
rigging out in each direction and give it a larger angle.
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A dolphin striker
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Used in connection with the martin-gale
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Spritsail, gas, or whiskers
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In connection with the jib guys (The name spritsail
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is derived from an obsolete sail, which was in old
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times set on a yard below the bowsprit.)
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Table 9.7
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Bibliography
- Bennett, Jenny. Sailing Rigs: An Illustrated Guide. Annapolis, MD: Naval Institute Press, 2005. Nares, Sir George S. Seamanship: Including Names of Principal Parts of a Ship; Masts, Sails, Yards, &c. Portsmouth, England: Gri‑n & Co., 1877.
- Villiers, Captain Alan. Men, Ships, and the Sea. Washington, DC: National Geographic Society, 1973. Department of the Navy, Naval Historical Center http://www.history.navy.mil/ 2
- The Macquarie University Library, Melbourne, Australia. Journeys in Time: 18 th and Early 19th Century Sailing Vessels http://www.lib.mq.edu.au/all/journeys/ships/vessels.html
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